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Related Concept Videos

Antigen Presenting Cells01:22

Antigen Presenting Cells

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The immune system is a complex network of cells and molecules that protects the body from foreign invaders. T cells, a type of white blood cell, play a crucial role in this process. They recognize and attack foreign substances, such as pathogens, that enter the body.
T cells require the help of antigen-presenting cells (APCs), which process foreign antigens into smaller fragments that can be recognized by T cells. These APCs are highly specialized cells that efficiently internalize antigens...
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Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

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The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

Development of the Lymphatic System

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro
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Study of Dendritic Cell Development by Short Hairpin RNA-Mediated Gene Knockdown in a Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Line In vitro

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Origin and development of classical dendritic cells.

Pierre Guermonprez1, Yohan Gerber-Ferder2, Kristine Vaivode3

  • 1King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, The Peter Gorer Department of Immmunobiology, London, United Kingdom; Université de Paris, CNRS ERL8252, INSERM1149, Centre for Inflammation Research, Paris, France.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|November 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) are key immune cells. This study explores their development from hematopoietic stem cells, focusing on the pathways that specify distinct cDC subsets.

Keywords:
Dendritic cellsHematopoiesisOntogeny

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) are crucial for adaptive immunity, but distinguishing them from other phagocytes is challenging.
  • Current definitions incorporate ontogenetic features, including dependence on specific growth factors and transcription factors like ZBTB46.
  • cDCs comprise heterogeneous subsets (type 1 and type 2) with distinct developmental origins.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the cellular and molecular mechanisms controlling cDC subset specification.
  • To elucidate the ontogenetic pathways of cDC subsets from hematopoietic stem cells in mice and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature on dendritic cell development.
  • Analysis of cellular and molecular pathways involved in cDC subset specification.
  • Comparative study of murine and human hematopoietic stem cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • cDC definition increasingly relies on ontogenetic features beyond surface markers.
  • Two main cDC subsets, type 1 and type 2, arise from divergent developmental routes.
  • Understanding these pathways is key to distinguishing cDC subsets.

Conclusions:

  • Classical dendritic cells (cDCs) are defined by a combination of ontogenetic and functional criteria.
  • Recent advances highlight the divergent pathways governing type 1 and type 2 cDC subset development.
  • Further research into these pathways offers insights into immune regulation.