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Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Screening of Axonal Degeneration in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Using Ultrasonography and Nerve Conduction Studies
Published on: January 11, 2019
Neuro-ultrasonography
Ryan Hakimi1, Andrei V Alexandrov2, Zsolt Garami3
1Director, Neuro ICU, Inpatient Neurology, and TCD Services, Greenville Memorial Hospital, Prisma Health-Upstate, University of South Carolina School of Medicine-Greenville, 200 Patewood Drive, Suite B350, Greenville, SC 29615, USA.
Abstract:
Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) is a noninvasive, bedside, portable tool for assessment of cerebral hemodynamics. Modern TCD head frames allow continuous hands-free emboli detection for risk stratification and assessment of treatment efficacy in several cardiovascular diseases. Identifying a focal stenosis, arterial occlusion, and monitoring the treatment effect of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator can easily be accomplished by assessing TCD waveforms and determining prestenotic and poststenotic mean flow velocities. TCD is an excellent screening tool for vasospasm in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. The use of intraoperative TCD during carotid endarterectomy and stenting allows optimal intraoperative hemodynamic management. Other applications are also discussed.
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