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Related Concept Videos

Adhesion01:14

Adhesion

43.2K
Adhesion occurs when one type of molecule is attracted to a different molecule. Water exhibits adhesive properties in the presence of polar surfaces, such as glass or cellulose in plants. For instance, when water is poured into a glass, the positively charged hydrogen molecules of water are more attracted to the negatively charged oxygen molecules in the silica than to the oxygen in neighboring water molecules.
Capillary action is a result of water’s adhesive tendencies. When a narrow...
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

32.3K
Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension of Fluid01:22

Surface Tension of Fluid

1.3K
Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
Surface tension varies...
1.3K
Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

Surface Tension and Surface Energy

2.9K
When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
Consider a beaker filled with liquid. The bulk molecules in the liquid experience equal attractive forces on all sides with the surrounding molecules. However, the surface molecules experience a net attractive force downward due to the bulk molecules. The surface of the liquid behaves like a stretched membrane,...
2.9K
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

3.2K
Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose,...
3.2K
Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

26.1K
The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
26.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel
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Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

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Wetting and adhesion behavior on apple tree leaf surface by adding different surfactants.

Yue Gao1, Junjiao Lu1, Pengjiu Zhang1

  • 1Laboratory for Integrated Pest Management of Insect, Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Science, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030031, China.

Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonionic surfactants C12E5 and Triton X-100 effectively improved apple leaf wetting and pesticide efficacy. These surfactants also reduced the egg hatching rate of Carposina niponensis, aiding pesticide development.

Keywords:
Beta-cyfluthrinContact angleSurface tensionSurfactantsWork of adhesion

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Chemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Entomology

Background:

  • Optimizing pesticide application is crucial for effective pest control and reduced environmental impact.
  • Understanding the interaction between surfactants and plant surfaces is key to improving spray formulation performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the wetting properties of various surfactant solutions on apple leaves during fruit formation.
  • To evaluate the impact of selected surfactants on pesticide efficacy and insect egg viability.

Main Methods:

  • Contact angle, surface tension, adhesion tension, work of adhesion, and solid-liquid interface tension were measured using the drop method.
  • The effects of C12E5 and Triton X-100 on Carposina niponensis egg incubation rates were assessed.
  • Field efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin 3% EW with added surfactants against C. niponensis was analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Nonionic surfactants C12E5 and Triton X-100 demonstrated superior wetting capabilities on apple leaves compared to other tested surfactants.
  • Optimal wetting was achieved at a concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ mol/L for both C12E5 and Triton X-100.
  • Increasing concentrations of C12E5 or Triton X-100 led to a gradual decrease in Carposina niponensis egg incubation rates. Field trials confirmed enhanced efficacy of beta-cyfluthrin when these surfactants were included.

Conclusions:

  • Surfactants C12E5 and Triton X-100 significantly enhance pesticide application efficiency on apple crops.
  • The use of these surfactants can contribute to reduced pesticide usage and the development of novel pesticide formulations.
  • These findings support the application of optimized surfactant formulations for improved pest management strategies.