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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Carbonation is a process used to dissolve carbon dioxide gas in a liquid, commonly used in the production of carbonated beverages. Achieving efficient carbonation requires careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow conditions. By adjusting these parameters, carbonation efficiency can be maximized, producing a higher concentration of CO2 in the liquid.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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Enthalpy changes are typically tabulated for reactions in which both the reactants and products are at the same conditions. A standard state is a commonly accepted set of conditions used as a reference point for the determination of properties under other different conditions. For chemists, the IUPAC standard state refers to materials under a pressure of 1 bar and solutions at 1 M and does not specify a temperature. Many thermochemical tables list values with a standard state of 1 atm. Because...
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The volume occupied by one mole of a substance is its molar volume. The ideal gas law, PV = nRT,  suggests that the volume of a given quantity of gas and the number of moles in a given volume of gas vary with changes in pressure and temperature. At standard temperature and pressure, or STP (273.15 K and 1 atm), one mole of an ideal gas (regardless of its identity) has a volume of about 22.4 L — this is referred to as the standard molar volume.
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The number of independent ways a gas molecule can move along straight line, rotate, and vibrate is called its degrees of freedom. Supposing d represents the number of degrees of freedom of an ideal gas, the molar heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas in terms of d is
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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
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Thermodynamic Properties for Carbon Dioxide.

Jun Wang1, Chun-Sheng Jia1, Chang-Jun Li1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, People's Republic of China.

ACS Omega
|November 26, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New analytical expressions accurately predict carbon dioxide (CO2) entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy. These findings simplify thermodynamic calculations for CO2 capture and storage processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Computational Chemistry

Background:

  • Accurate thermodynamic data for carbon dioxide (CO2) is crucial for industrial applications.
  • Existing methods for calculating thermodynamic properties often require extensive spectroscopic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop reliable analytical expressions for CO2 entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy.
  • To validate these expressions using experimental molecular constants and compare them with existing databases.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of three analytical expressions for thermodynamic properties.
  • Prediction of entropy, enthalpy, and Gibbs free energy using five molecular constants.
  • Validation against the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) database.

Main Results:

  • Achieved average relative deviations of 0.053% for entropy, 0.95% for enthalpy, and 0.070% for Gibbs free energy.
  • Demonstrated high accuracy over a wide temperature range (300–6000 K).
  • The predictive expressions do not rely on extensive spectroscopic data.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed analytical expressions provide a simplified and accurate method for predicting key thermodynamic properties of CO2.
  • These expressions are suitable for applications in carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).
  • The approach reduces the dependency on complex spectroscopic data, facilitating broader use.