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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
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Sequential sampling models of same-different data and how they explain the fast-same effect.

Marc-André Goulet1, Denis Cousineau1

  • 1School of Psychology.

Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology = Revue Canadienne De Psychologie Experimentale
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Participants identify "same" stimuli faster than "different" stimuli due to quicker base processing time. Increased task complexity, however, slows cognitive information accumulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Computational Neuroscience

Background:

  • The fast-same effect, where participants identify identical stimuli faster than different ones, lacks a definitive explanation despite extensive research.
  • Existing empirical studies have not reached a consensus on the underlying cognitive mechanisms driving this phenomenon.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fast-same effect by applying sequential sampling models.
  • To evaluate the roles of starting point, accumulation rate, and base time in the fast-same effect.
  • To offer a novel perspective on same-different task performance.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized two sequential sampling models: the linear ballistic accumulator (LBA) and the drift-diffusion model (DDM).
  • Analyzed data from 18 participants across three tasks: control, contrast (lowered stimulus visibility), and case (nominal identity comparison).
  • Fit parametric values from LBA and DDM to understand cognitive process contributions.

Main Results:

  • Both LBA and DDM indicated faster base time for 'same' stimuli compared to 'different' stimuli.
  • Accumulation rate was influenced by the number of letters and differences, suggesting reduced efficiency with increased workload.
  • Model fits were limited, indicating a need for further theoretical development.

Conclusions:

  • The fast-same effect appears partly driven by a faster base time in the 'same' condition.
  • Cognitive efficiency in information accumulation decreases as task workload intensifies.
  • Enhanced theoretical frameworks are necessary to fully elucidate the fundamental cognitive concepts in same-different judgments.