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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System01:18

Disorders of the Autonomic Nervous System

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The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is an intricate network of nerves that controls functions such as the regulation of heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure regulation. When this system malfunctions, it can lead to various disorders that affect multiple bodily functions. One common feature of many autonomic disorders is the involvement of smooth blood vessels, which play a crucial role in regulating blood flow throughout the body.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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The regulation of heart rate is a complex process controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS), hormonal influences, and intrinsic cardiac mechanisms. The ANS has two main components: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 3, 2026

Development of an Algorithm to Perform a Comprehensive Study of Autonomic Dysreflexia in Animals with High Spinal Cord Injury Using a Telemetry Device
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Cardiovascular Disorders Mediated by Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction.

Pravin Khemani1, Ali A Mehdirad2

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This summary is machine-generated.

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction causes cardiovascular issues like orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson disease (PD) patients. Managing these complex conditions requires integrated neurology and cardiology care.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Cardiology
  • Autonomic Neuroscience

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disorders, including orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension, are prevalent in neurodegenerative synucleinopathies like Parkinson disease (PD).
  • Autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction underlies conditions such as orthostatic hypotension, postprandial hypotension, and impaired thermoregulation.
  • Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH), stemming from sympathetic failure, is a frequent autonomic disorder in PD, often accompanied by supine hypertension due to sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant challenges in managing cardiovascular complications associated with ANS dysfunction in PD.
  • To emphasize the complex interplay between nOH, supine hypertension, and other comorbidities.
  • To advocate for an integrated management approach involving neurology and cardiology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ANS dysfunction in synucleinopathies.
  • Analysis of clinical presentations of orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension in PD.
  • Discussion of management strategies and challenges.

Main Results:

  • ANS dysfunction is a key factor in cardiovascular comorbidities in PD.
  • Management of supine hypertension in nOH patients is complex and counterintuitive.
  • Non-cardiovascular comorbidities exacerbate the disease burden.

Conclusions:

  • ANS dysfunction poses significant healthcare challenges in neurology and cardiology.
  • An integrated neurology and cardiology management approach is essential for optimal patient care.