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Firefighter's Acute Inflammatory Response to Wildfire Suppression.

Luana C Main1, Alexander P Wolkow, Jamie L Tait

  • 1Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (Dr Main, Dr Wolkow, Dr Della Gatta, Dr Raines, Dr Snow, Dr Aisbett); School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood (Dr Tait); School of Psychological Sciences, Monash Institute of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Monash University, Clayton, VIC (Dr Wolkow), Australia.

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Firefighters experienced an acute inflammatory response after a 12-hour wildfire suppression shift, with increased Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and decreased IL-10. This response may aid adaptation to stressors like smoke inhalation.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Occupational Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Wildfire suppression involves intense physical exertion and exposure to thermal strain and smoke.
  • Firefighters face unique occupational stressors that can impact physiological responses.
  • Understanding the acute inflammatory response is crucial for firefighter health and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the inflammatory response in firefighters after a 12-hour wildfire suppression shift.
  • To investigate changes in pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines following strenuous firefighting activity.

Main Methods:

  • Blood samples were collected from 38 male volunteer firefighters before and after a 12-hour shift.
  • Levels of 14 cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10, were measured.
  • Paired sample t tests or Wilcoxon t tests were used to analyze pre- to post-shift changes.

Main Results:

  • Significant increases in Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Interleukin-8 (IL-8) were observed post-shift.
  • A significant decrease in Interleukin-10 (IL-10) was also noted.
  • These findings indicate an acute inflammatory response to wildfire suppression.

Conclusions:

  • The observed inflammatory response may be attributed to physical exertion, thermal strain, and smoke inhalation.
  • This acute response could be a necessary adaptation mechanism for firefighters exposed to occupational stressors.
  • Further research is warranted to explore the long-term implications of these inflammatory changes.