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Related Concept Videos

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias01:16

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias I: Sinus Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
Types of Arrhythmias
Sinus Node Arrhythmias
Sinus Bradycardia: Originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node, sinus bradycardia involves slower impulses, resulting in a heart rate of less than 60 beats per minute (bpm). Causes include sleep, vagal stimulation, beta-blockers, hypothyroidism,...
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Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
347
Measurement of Blood Pressure01:17

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Assessing blood pressure is a standard procedure executed in virtually all medical environments. The method utilized today was established over a hundred years ago by an innovative Russian doctor, Dr. Nikolai Korotkoff. The soft ticking noise, known as Korotkoff sounds, heard while taking blood pressure readings results from turbulent blood flow within the vessels. The apparatus required for this procedure includes a sphygmomanometer, a blood pressure cuff attached to a gauge, and a...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

431
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Syncope due to unexpected paroxysmal sinus arrest.

János Tomcsányi1, Béla Bózsik1, Hein J Wellens2

  • 1Cardiology Department, St. John of God Hospital, Budapest, Hungary.

Journal of Electrocardiology
|November 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Two patients experienced prolonged sinus arrest causing syncope without prior symptoms of sick sinus syndrome or vagal tone. These cases suggest paroxysmal sinus arrest may manifest as a form of sick sinus syndrome.

Keywords:
Atrial pacemakerImplantable loop recorderSick sinus syndromeSyncope

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Sick sinus syndrome (SSS) can present with unpredictable sinus pauses.
  • Syncope is a concerning symptom that warrants thorough investigation into cardiac causes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe two unique cases of prolonged sinus arrest leading to syncope.
  • To differentiate these events from other causes of syncope and propose a classification.

Main Methods:

  • Case report of two patients presenting with syncope.
  • Clinical evaluation and electrophysiological assessment (implied).

Main Results:

  • Two patients had unexpected, long sinus arrest causing syncope.
  • No pre-existing signs of SSS or increased vagal tone were noted.
  • The prolonged asymptomatic pauses resembled paroxysmal sub-AV nodal block.

Conclusions:

  • The presented cases are suggested to be classified as paroxysmal sinus arrest.
  • Paroxysmal sinus arrest is proposed as a potential manifestation of sick sinus syndrome.