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Related Concept Videos

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Pericarditis I: Introduction01:22

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Pericarditis is defined as the inflammation of the pericardium, the thin, sac-like membrane surrounding the heart. This condition can cause significant chest pain and other symptoms, often necessitating medical intervention. The pericardium has two layers: the inner visceral layer and the outer parietal layer, separated by a small amount of fluid that reduces friction during heartbeats.Types of PericarditisPericarditis can be classified into several types based on the duration and nature of the...
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Aortic involvement in relapsing polychondritis: case-based review.

Mustafa Erdogan1, Sinem Nihal Esatoglu1, Gulen Hatemi1

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical School, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa, 34998, Istanbul, Turkey.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Relapsing polychondritis can involve the aorta, leading to serious complications and a 27% mortality rate. Early screening for aortic issues is crucial in patients with this rare systemic inflammatory disease.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Rheumatology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Diseases

Background:

  • Relapsing polychondritis (RP) is a rare systemic inflammatory disease affecting cartilaginous structures.
  • Aortic involvement, including the aorta and its valves, is a serious but recognized complication of RP.
  • This systematic review examines the clinical features, management, and outcomes of RP patients with aortic disease.

Observation:

  • A systematic literature review identified 114 patients with relapsing polychondritis and aortic involvement.
  • Aortic vessel involvement occurred in 82% of patients, and aortic valve involvement in 36%.
  • Aortic complications were diagnosed a median of 5 years after initial RP symptoms, with 19% being asymptomatic.

Findings:

  • Aortic involvement in relapsing polychondritis is associated with a significant mortality rate of 27% within 24 months.
  • Aortic dissection or rupture were the primary causes of death.
  • Concurrent coronary artery disease indicated a poorer prognosis.

Implications:

  • Aortic involvement in relapsing polychondritis is a life-threatening complication requiring vigilant monitoring and management.
  • The high rate of asymptomatic presentation underscores the need for systematic screening for aortic disease in RP patients.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches combining medical and surgical interventions are essential for improving outcomes.