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Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
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Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
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Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

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Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
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Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

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Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

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Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
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Cardiac Sarcoidosis.

Pranav Mankad1, Brian Mitchell1, David Birnie2

  • 1Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, P.O. Box 980053, Richmond, VA, 23298-0053, USA.

Current Cardiology Reports
|November 27, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers the latest in cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) diagnosis and management. Advanced imaging like cardiac MRI and PET scans are key for assessing arrhythmias and treatment response in CS.

Keywords:
Cardiac magnetic resonanceCardiac sarcoidosisImplantable cardioverter defibrillatorPositron emission tomographySudden cardiac death

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is a rare, complex granulomatous disease affecting the heart.
  • Clinical awareness and research interest in CS have significantly increased.
  • Expert consensus guidelines for diagnosing and managing CS arrhythmias were established in 2014.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a state-of-the-art review on the diagnosis, assessment, and management of cardiac sarcoidosis.
  • To highlight recent data and expert consensus guidelines.
  • To emphasize the evolving role of advanced imaging in CS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature and expert consensus statements.
  • Focus on advancements in diagnostic and prognostic tools.
  • Discussion of ongoing large-scale research initiatives.

Main Results:

  • Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is crucial for CS diagnosis and predicting ventricular arrhythmias via late gadolinium enhancement.
  • Cardiac fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) aids in diagnosis, risk stratification, and monitoring immunosuppressive therapy response.
  • Multicenter registries are providing insights into CS natural history and treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Collaborative, multidisciplinary research is essential for advancing CS understanding.
  • Future research should prioritize randomized controlled trials and novel therapeutic agents.
  • Advanced imaging techniques have become indispensable in the comprehensive management of cardiac sarcoidosis.