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Rapid and Efficient Spatiotemporal Monitoring of Normal and Aberrant Cytosine Methylation within Intact Zebrafish Embryos
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DNA methylation changes in infants between 6 and 52 weeks.

Ellen Wikenius1,2, Vibeke Moe3,4, Lars Smith3

  • 1H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA. ellen.wikenius@gmail.com.

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|November 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Infant DNA methylation significantly changes between 6 and 52 weeks, with most genes showing increased methylation. These changes may indicate a biological slowing mechanism following rapid fetal development.

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Infants undergo significant development in their first year.
  • DNA methylation is a key epigenetic mechanism influencing mammalian development.
  • Understanding infant DNA methylation changes is crucial for developmental biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate DNA methylation alterations in infants between 6 and 52 weeks of age.
  • To identify specific genes affected by methylation changes during early development.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 214 infant saliva samples collected at 6 and 52 weeks.
  • Utilized principal component analyses and t-distributed stochastic neighbor-embedding for data visualization.
  • Employed paired two-sided Student's t-tests to identify differentially methylated regions (q-value < 0.01, mean difference > 0.2).

Main Results:

  • Significant DNA methylation changes were observed in 42 genes between 6 and 52 weeks.
  • 36 genes exhibited increased DNA methylation, while 6 genes showed decreased methylation.
  • Overall methylation changes suggested a decrease in gene expression, potentially linked to prior fetal development.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation patterns in infants change substantially during the first year of life.
  • These alterations may represent a biological mechanism to slow development post-intense fetal growth.
  • Further research with repeated measures and varied criteria is recommended to validate findings and explore other developmental genes.