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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

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Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
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Cancer02:18

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Cancers arise due to mutations in genes involved in the regulation of cell division, which leads to unrestricted cell proliferation. Modern science and medicine have made great strides in the understanding and treatment of cancer, including eradicating cancer in some patients. However, there is still no cure for cancer. This is largely due to the fact that cancer is a large group of many diseases.
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
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Abnormal Proliferation02:23

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Metastasis02:30

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Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
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A 3D Organotypic Melanoma Spheroid Skin Model
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[Malignant melanoma].

Georg Lodde1, Lisa Zimmer2, Elisabeth Livingstone2

  • 1Klinik und Poliklinik für Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Deutschland. georg.lodde@uk-essen.de.

Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur Dermatologie, Venerologie, Und Verwandte Gebiete
|November 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant melanoma, an aggressive skin cancer, is linked to UV exposure and genetic factors. Treatment involves surgery and systemic therapies like immune checkpoint inhibitors for improved survival.

Keywords:
Margins of excisionNevi and melanomasSentinel lymph node biopsySkin neoplasmsUltraviolet rays

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Dermatology
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Malignant melanoma is an aggressive skin cancer originating from melanocytes.
  • Key risk factors include genetic predisposition and ultraviolet (UV) light exposure.
  • Early spread and invasive growth are characteristic of this cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the risk factors, diagnostic parameters, and treatment strategies for malignant melanoma.
  • To highlight the prognostic significance of tumor characteristics and treatment outcomes.
  • To discuss the role of systemic therapies in managing advanced melanoma.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established risk factors, including endogenous and exogenous influences.
  • Description of primary tumor treatment, including surgical excision and sentinel lymph node biopsy.
  • Analysis of prognostic indicators such as invasion depth, ulceration, and lymph node status.
  • Overview of systemic treatment options, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted kinase inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • Complete excision with safety margins is crucial for primary tumors.
  • Sentinel lymph node status is a critical prognostic factor.
  • Systemic therapies significantly prolong survival in advanced or inoperable cases.
  • Tumor molecular profiling guides the selection of effective systemic treatments.

Conclusions:

  • Malignant melanoma requires a multi-faceted treatment approach combining surgery and systemic therapy.
  • Prognostic factors guide treatment decisions and patient management.
  • Advances in systemic therapies offer improved outcomes for patients with advanced melanoma.