TH17 cells expressing CD146 are significantly increased in patients with Systemic sclerosis

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by vascular damage, excessive fibrosis and abnormal T cells immune-regulation. CD146 is an adhesion molecule essentially expressed in the vascular system, but also on TH17 lymphocytes. In view of the recently described role of CD146 in SSc, we hypothesized an involvement of CD146 positive TH17 cells in this disease. Compared to healthy controls, we showed that both soluble form of CD146 (sCD146), and IL17A levels were increased in patients with SSc with a positive correlation between both factors. A significant increase in TH17 cells attested by an increase of RORγT, IL17A mRNA and CD4+ IL17A+ cell was observed in patients with SSc. Interestingly, the percentage of TH17 cells expressing CD146 was higher in patients with SSc and inversely correlated with pulmonary fibrosis. In vitro experiments showed an augmentation of the percentage of TH17 cells expressing CD146 after cell treatment with sCD146, suggesting that, in patients the increase of this sub-population could be the consequence of the sCD146 increase in serum. In conclusion, TH17 cells expressing CD146 could represent a new component of the adaptive immune response, opening the way for the generation of new tools for the management of SSc.