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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Sustainability Science

Background:

  • Ecosystem services are dynamic, not static, yet temporal aspects receive limited research attention.
  • Understanding temporal patterns is crucial for effective ecosystem service management and policy.
  • Existing research predominantly focuses on ecosystem service supply, neglecting demand dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and synthesize how temporal patterns in ecosystem service supply and demand have been assessed.
  • To identify research gaps and limitations in the study of temporal ecosystem service dynamics.
  • To provide recommendations for future research on temporal ecosystem services.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of 295 studies on ecosystem services.
  • Analysis of how temporal changes in ecosystem services were characterized (e.g., linear, non-linear, system shocks).
  • Assessment of the focus on supply versus demand in temporal ecosystem service studies.

Main Results:

  • Only 2% of studies engaging with the ecosystem service concept addressed temporal changes.
  • Observed temporal changes were predominantly characterized as monotonic and linear (81%).
  • A significant research gap exists in understanding temporal changes in ecosystem service demand.

Conclusions:

  • Future research must explicitly address temporal patterns in ecosystem services.
  • Integrating supply and demand dynamics, analyzing trade-offs over time, and involving stakeholders are essential.
  • A more comprehensive understanding of temporal ecosystem service dynamics is needed for sustainable management.