Starch aided synthesis of giant unilamellar vesicles

Synthesis of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) of charged and uncharged lipids at physiological salt concentration is presented using the starch hydrogel method as an example of the gel assisted synthesis method. The swelling of the gel is assisted by the presence of a high amount of amylopectin in starch and yields giant-sized vesicles, which are unilamellar in nature. This method holds promise since starch is a commonly available cheap bio-compatible material. This work indicates that native starch yields vesicles of better size range as compared to the acid-treated starch. It is demonstrated that contrary to the common belief, pre-hydration of bilayers is not critical to the success of this method. The synthesis of GUVs in physiological salt concentrations is possible since the salt does not produce any osmotic effect on its own. At low starch concentration, the size of the vesicles is found to correlate with the swelling factor. The conjugate effect of the starch concentration and ion leads to the change in the swelling factor of the gel and thereby influence the size and architecture of the vesicles. Also, interactions between starch and lipid play an important role in the formation of the giant vesicles.