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Short-T2 MRI: Principles and recent advances.

Markus Weiger1, Klaas P Pruessmann1

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) faces challenges with short T2/T2* signals in tissues like bone. This review surveys specialized short T2 MRI techniques to improve imaging performance and overcome these limitations.

Keywords:
RelaxationSingle point imaging (SPI)Solid tissuesUltra-short echo time (UTE)Zero echo time (ZTE)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Imaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) offers versatile contrast without ionizing radiation.
  • Signal decay (short T2 or T2* relaxation times) limits MRI performance in tissues like bone, tendon, and lung.
  • Specialized techniques have been developed to address these signal decay limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current status of short T2 MRI techniques.
  • To structure the growing range of methods by highlighting overarching concepts and methodological options.
  • To provide a detailed description of frequently used approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of existing literature on short T2 MRI.
  • Categorization of techniques based on overarching concepts and methodological options.
  • Detailed description of acquisition strategies, image reconstruction, hardware, contrast mechanisms, artifacts, limitations, and applications.

Main Results:

  • Recent progress has expanded the available methods for short T2 MRI.
  • The review categorizes and details various approaches to short T2 MRI.
  • Key aspects covered include instrumentation, data acquisition, signal processing, and contrast introduction.

Conclusions:

  • Short T2 MRI techniques are crucial for overcoming signal decay limitations in specific tissues.
  • The review provides a structured overview of current methods, aiding in the selection and application of appropriate techniques.
  • Continued advancements in instrumentation, acquisition, and processing are essential for further progress in short T2 MRI.