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Overweight and obesity are associated with cardiac adverse structure remodeling in Chinese elderly with hypertension

Cheng Liu1, Gang Li2, Jari A Laukkanen3,4

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Geriatrics and General Practice, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.

Scientific Reports
|December 1, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Overweight and obesity are linked to detrimental cardiac remodeling in older adults. This study found increased left ventricular (LV) wall thickness, diameter, and mass in Chinese elderly with higher body mass index (BMI).

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Gerontology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Limited data exists on the relationship between overweight/obesity and cardiac remodeling in the elderly population.
  • Cardiac remodeling, changes in heart structure and function, can lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between overweight and obesity with cardiac geometric structures and function in Chinese elderly patients with primary hypertension.
  • To determine if body mass index (BMI) is an independent predictor of cardiac remodeling in this demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective cross-sectional study involving 1183 hospitalized patients aged 65-99 years with primary hypertension.
  • Patients were categorized into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity groups based on BMI.
  • Cardiac echocardiographic parameters were analyzed and compared across the BMI groups.

Main Results:

  • Elderly individuals who were overweight or obese exhibited higher aortic and left atrial diameters, increased interventricular septal and left ventricular (LV) posterior wall thickness, and larger LV end-diastolic and end-systolic diameters compared to underweight or normal weight individuals.
  • Higher indexed LV mass and a greater prevalence of E/A reversal were observed in the overweight and obese groups.
  • LV ejection fraction and fractional shortening were lower in overweight and obese elderly patients.
  • Multivariable regression analysis confirmed that overweight and obesity are independently associated with increased LV wall thickness, end-diastolic diameter, and mass (P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Overweight and obesity are significantly associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in Asian elderly patients with hypertension.
  • Specifically, higher BMI correlates with increased left ventricular wall thickness, end-diastolic diameter, and mass.
  • These findings highlight the importance of weight management in preventing cardiac structural changes in the aging population.

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