Association Between Cigarette Smoking and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Updated Multivariate Bayesian Metaanalysis

Monica Hui Yan Chua1, Irene Ai Ting Ng1, Mike W L-Cheung2

  • 1M.H. Chua, MBBS, I.A. Ng, MBBS, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore.

Summary

Current cigarette smoking significantly increases the risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This updated meta-analysis confirms the association, highlighting smoking as a key environmental factor for SLE.

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