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Related Concept Videos

Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

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The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Classification of Joints01:20

Structural Classification of Joints

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Joints, also known as articulations, are classified based on their structural characteristics, i.e., based on whether the articulating surfaces of the adjacent bones are directly connected by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage, or whether the articulating surfaces contact each other within a fluid-filled joint cavity. These differences serve to divide the joints of the body into three structural classifications.
A fibrous joint is where the adjacent bones are united by fibrous connective...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
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Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

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Tarsal coalition.

Jamil F Soni1,2, Weverley Valenza2, Carolina Matsunaga2

  • 1Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná.

Current Opinion in Pediatrics
|December 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Tarsal coalitions, including talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular types, can cause flat feet and ankle instability. Surgical resection and deformity correction are effective when conservative treatments fail.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Foot and Ankle Surgery
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Tarsal coalitions, specifically talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular types, are a common cause of painful pes planovalgus and recurrent ankle sprains.
  • Improper management of tarsal coalitions can lead to the development of arthrosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • This review discusses current topics concerning talocalcaneal and calcaneonavicular coalitions.
  • The review aims to provide an overview of diagnosis and management strategies for these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Diagnosis is confirmed using plain radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for fibrous or cartilaginous coalitions.
  • Treatment approaches vary based on coalition type and severity, including conservative management, surgical resection, and arthrodesis.

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Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
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Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
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Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

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Main Results:

  • Conservative therapy is the initial management approach for tarsal coalitions.
  • Surgical treatment for calcaneonavicular coalitions involves resection and interposition of soft tissue, with deformity correction if needed.
  • Talocalcaneal coalition management depends on the affected area percentage and valgus angle, with options ranging from resection to isolated valgus correction.

Conclusions:

  • Resection of the coalition with tissue graft interposition and potential valgus correction is recommended for persistent symptoms.
  • Arthrodesis serves as a salvage procedure for failed treatments or advanced arthrosis.