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Related Concept Videos

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses01:20

Elastic Strain Energy for Shearing Stresses

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As discussed in previous lessons, strain energy in a material is the energy stored when it is elastically deformed, a concept crucial in materials science and mechanical engineering. This energy results from the internal work done against the cohesive forces within the material. When a material undergoes shearing stress and corresponding shearing strain, the strain energy density, which is the energy stored per unit volume, is calculated. Within the elastic limit, where the stress is...
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Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

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Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
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Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

498
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
498
Transformation of Plane Strain01:12

Transformation of Plane Strain

455
When analyzing elongated structures like bars subjected to uniformly distributed loads, it is essential to understand the transformation of plane strain when coordinate axes are rotated. This transformation helps to assess how material deformation characteristics vary with orientation, which is crucial in materials science and structural engineering.
Under plane strain conditions, typical for members where one dimension significantly exceeds the others, deformations and resultant strains are...
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Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain01:29

Three-Dimensional Analysis of Strain

547
Three-dimensional strain analysis is crucial for understanding how materials deform under stress, particularly in elastic, homogeneous materials. This method employs principal stress axes to simplify complex stress states into more understandable forms. Subjected to stress, a small cubic element within a material either expands or contracts along these axes, transforming into a rectangular parallelepiped. This transformation effectively illustrates the material's deformation. The principal...
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Dynamic Local Strain in Graphene Generated by Surface Acoustic Waves.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed matter physics
  • Materials science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Single-layer graphene exhibits Raman-active optical phonon modes.
  • Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) can generate dynamic local strain.
  • Modulating graphene's properties via external stimuli is of significant interest.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally demonstrate the modulation of graphene's Raman-active optical phonon modes using SAWs.
  • To investigate the effect of dynamic local strain induced by SAWs on graphene's vibrational properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing single-layer graphene on a LiNbO3 piezoelectric substrate.
  • Generating surface acoustic waves (SAWs) using a SAW resonator at approximately 400 MHz.
  • Analyzing Raman scattering spectra to observe changes in phonon modes.

Main Results:

  • SAWs induced a significant Raman scattering intensity variation (up to 15%) in graphene's G band.
  • A phonon frequency shift of up to 10 cm⁻¹ was observed for the G band.
  • An effective hydrostatic strain of 0.24% was achieved in graphene.

Conclusions:

  • SAWs are effective tools for modulating the optical and vibrational properties of supported graphene.
  • High-frequency localized deformations induced by SAWs offer a novel method for controlling 2D materials.
  • This approach can potentially be extended to other two-dimensional (2D) systems.