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Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
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Sulfonylureas are oral hypoglycemic agents utilized in treating type 2 diabetes. They are characterized by their unique sulfonylurea chemical structure. The family of sulfonylureas is divided into generations. First-generation sulfonylureas, including tolbutamide (Orinase), chlorpropamide (Diabinese), and tolazamide (Tolinase), trigger insulin release from pancreatic β cells and enhance peripheral tissues' insulin sensitivity. The second-generation members, such as glipizide...
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Azacitidine-induced hyperglycaemia.

Adam Morton1

  • 1Endocrinology Department, Mater Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia adam.morton@mater.org.au.

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|December 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Azacitidine therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome can cause significant hyperglycemia, increasing infection risk. This case highlights the importance of monitoring blood sugar during treatment.

Keywords:
diabeteshaematology (drugs and medicines)haematology (incl blood transfusion)unwanted effects/adverse reactions

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders.
  • Azacitidine is a hypomethylating agent used in the treatment of MDS.
  • Hyperglycemia is a potential adverse effect of various cancer therapies.

Observation:

  • A case of significant hyperglycemia developed during azacitidine treatment for myelodysplastic syndrome.
  • The patient experienced elevated blood glucose levels directly linked to azacitidine administration.

Findings:

  • Treatment-induced hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of infections in cancer patients.
  • Potential mechanisms for azacitidine-induced hyperglycemia include effects on glucose metabolism and insulin regulation.

Implications:

  • Close monitoring of blood glucose levels is crucial for patients receiving azacitidine therapy.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of hyperglycemia can inform strategies to mitigate this side effect.
  • Managing hyperglycemia may help reduce the risk of infection and improve patient outcomes in MDS treatment.