How Ginsenosides Trigger Apoptosis in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells

Panax ginseng is a natural medicine that has been used globally for a long time. Moreover, several studies have reported the effective activity of ginseng in treating malignancies. Various agents containing ginseng were widely used as an antitumor treatment nowadays. Lung cancer is the most common fatal cancer in China, and lung adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). What's worse, many patients may have a failed response to conventional therapy including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or molecule-targeted therapy due to drug resistance. Apoptosis is a highly ordered cellular suicidal process that plays an essential role in maintaining normal homeostasis. The pharmacological mechanism of many antineoplastic drugs involves triggering of apoptotic process. In several recent studies, ginsenosides are regarded as major active components of ginseng that have the potential to control lung cancer. Most of these results have proved that ginsenosides induce apoptosis in lung cancer cells through many different signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-$$B, EGFR, and so on. This study is aimed at reviewing the signaling pathways that underlie ginsenosides-triggered apoptotic process and encourage further studies to target promising agents against lung cancer treatment.