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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Human Genetics01:28

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Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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The Human Genome Project.

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The Human Genome Project deciphers the human genetic code to identify disease-related genes. It also examines the ethical implications of genetic technologies and educates the public.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Medical Ethics

Background:

  • The Human Genome Project (HGP) is a global research initiative.
  • Its goal is to determine the complete sequence of DNA in humans.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop tools for identifying genes linked to rare and common diseases.
  • To analyze the ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI) of genetic technologies.
  • To enhance public understanding of genetic advancements.

Main Methods:

  • Genome sequencing and mapping.
  • Development of advanced genetic research tools.
  • Ethical, legal, and social implications research.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in mapping the human genome.
  • Successful mapping of the mouse genome.
  • Development of a genetic map for the rat, aiding in the study of complex disorders like hypertension, diabetes, and alcoholism.

Conclusions:

  • The HGP is yielding results impacting biological research and clinical medicine.
  • The project's tools and findings are crucial for advancing disease gene identification.
  • Understanding the ELSI of genetic technologies is a key component of the HGP.