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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

10.0K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

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The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
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Rapid Isolation of the Mitoribosome from HEK Cells
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Ribosome Evolution and Structural Capacitance.

Ashley M Buckle1, Malcolm Buckle2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.

Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences
|December 6, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protein mutations can lead to gain-of-function by activating structural capacitance elements. This mechanism, involving disorder-to-order transitions, is proposed as an inherent consequence of genetic code evolution.

Keywords:
codon-anticodondisorder-order transitiongenetic codeprotein disordered regionribosome evolutionstructural capacitance

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Canonical protein mutations typically cause loss-of-function.
  • Gain-of-function mutations can arise from activating cryptic structural elements.
  • Structural capacitance is a proposed mechanism of protein evolution involving disorder-to-order transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose that disorder-to-order transitions are a necessary follow-on from early genetic code evolution.
  • To further develop the argument that structural capacitance is an inherent consequence of genetic code evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of protein mutations.
  • Investigating the role of structural capacitance in protein evolution.
  • Examining the link between genetic code evolution and protein microstructure.

Main Results:

  • Mutations can activate structural capacitance elements, leading to gain-of-function.
  • Structural capacitance arises from the generation of new microstructural elements during disorder-to-order transitions.
  • Disorder-to-order transitions are linked to codon-anticodon and tRNA acceptor stem-amino acid usage.

Conclusions:

  • Structural capacitance is a novel mechanism for protein evolution.
  • The disorder-to-order transition is a key process in generating structural capacitance.
  • Structural capacitance is an inherent outcome of the genetic code's evolution.