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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Optocardiography and Electrophysiology Studies of Ex Vivo Langendorff-perfused Hearts
Published on: November 7, 2019
Optocardiography: A Review of its Past, Present and Future
Sharon A George1, Igor R Efimov1
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC.
Abstract:
Cardiac electrophysiology has progressed in great strides since the electrical activity of the heart was first discovered in 1842 and documented using electrocardiography. Optical imaging of cardiac electrophysiology, or optocardiography, has seen many advances in recent years including panoramic imaging of the heart, alternating transillumination to image transmural electrical activity, optogenetic models and customizable 3D printed optical mapping systems. Most of these techniques were adopted from other fields of study and refined for cardiac electrophysiology purposes. The future of this field could see similar adaptations of photoacoustic tomography, structured light technology and optical coherence tomography contributing to optocardiography.
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