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Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

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Predicting Ischemic Risk Using Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent MRI in Children with Moyamoya.

N Dlamini¹, M Slim², F Kirkham³

¹From the Division of Neurology (N.D., M. Slim, M.M., D.M., A.R., G.d.V., W.L.) nomazulu.dlamini@sickkids.ca.

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology

|December 7, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Negative blood oxygen level-dependent cerebrovascular reactivity, indicating steal, is a strong predictor of ischemic events in childhood moyamoya disease. This finding aids in selecting patients for revascularization surgery.

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Vascular Biology
Medical Imaging

Background:

Moyamoya disease is a progressive arteriopathy affecting brain blood vessels.
Assessing cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI is crucial.
Identifying predictors of ischemic events in pediatric moyamoya is essential for timely intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if negative BOLD CVR response predicts ischemic events in children with moyamoya.
To investigate the association between steal phenomenon and ischemic events.
To evaluate the risk of ischemic events in idiopathic moyamoya.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of pediatric moyamoya patients undergoing BOLD CVR assessment.
Review of patient records for ischemic events, including stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA).
Logistic and Cox regression models to assess the predictive value of CVR and other factors.

Main Results:

Eleven of 37 children (30%) experienced ischemic events, primarily TIAs.
A strong association was found between the presence of steal (negative CVR) and ischemic events (OR = 19.8, P = .005).
Idiopathic moyamoya significantly increased the risk of ischemic events (HR = 3.71, P = .037).

Conclusions:

Negative BOLD CVR (steal) and idiopathic moyamoya are independent predictors of ischemic events in children.
BOLD CVR assessment can aid in surgical candidate selection and treatment planning for pediatric moyamoya.