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We discovered a universal mechanism for pinned density waves, revealing how broken translations lead to new collective modes. This work explains relaxation rates and transport properties relevant to high-temperature superconductors.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High-Energy Physics
  • Quantum Field Theory

Background:

  • Spontaneous breaking of translations leads to gapless collective modes (Nambu-Goldstone bosons).
  • Weak breaking of translations (e.g., by disorder) pins these modes, giving them mass and damping.
  • Understanding pinned density wave dynamics is crucial for explaining transport in exotic materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To uncover a universal relaxation mechanism for pinned density waves.
  • To compute the damping rate (Ω) and its dependence on pinning strength and material properties.
  • To investigate the low-temperature transport properties, including resistivity and ac conductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Combining gauge-gravity duality with effective field theory techniques.
  • Explicitly computing the damping rate (Ω) for pinned phonons.
  • Analyzing the low-temperature transport regime dominated by thermal diffusivity.

Main Results:

  • A universal formula for the damping rate: Ω≃Gm²Ξ, where G is the shear modulus and Ξ is related to diffusivity.
  • The computed damping rate is distinct from contributions of topological defects.
  • Linear temperature dependence of resistivity and a significant shift in spectral weight for ac conductivity.

Conclusions:

  • The derived relaxation mechanism provides a unified explanation for pinned density wave dynamics.
  • The results offer insights into transport phenomena in cuprate high-temperature superconductors.
  • The study highlights the interplay between translational order, quantum criticality, and transport properties.