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Cumulative Sociodemographic Risk Indicators for Difficult Child Temperament.

Natasha Gouge1, Wallace E Dixon1, Lauren P Driggers-Jones1

  • 1Department of Psychology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA.

The Journal of Genetic Psychology
|December 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cumulative risk models link sociodemographic factors to child temperament. Rural status and low income-to-needs risk significantly predicted temperamental difficulties in Appalachian children.

Keywords:
Temperamentcumulative riskrurality

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Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Sociodemographic Risk Research

Background:

  • Cumulative risk models offer a simplified approach to understanding outcomes linked to multiple, correlated risk factors.
  • Sociodemographic factors significantly influence child development and temperament.
  • Previous research has not fully explored the specific contributions of rurality and income-to-needs risk within cumulative risk models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between a cumulative sociodemographic risk index, including rurality status, and temperamental difficulties in early school-aged children.
  • To identify specific sociodemographic risk indicators driving the association with temperamental difficulty.
  • To examine the unique predictive power of rurality status and income-to-needs risk on negative affectivity and effortful control.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 53 school-aged children from Southcentral Appalachia was assessed.
  • A cumulative sociodemographic risk index was constructed, incorporating rurality status and other relevant indicators.
  • Temperamental difficulty was measured, focusing on negative affectivity and effortful control.
  • Statistical analyses, including post-hoc analyses, were employed to examine predictive relationships.

Main Results:

  • Cumulative risk was a significant predictor of temperamental difficulty (high negative affectivity, low effortful control).
  • Post-hoc analyses indicated that rural status and income-to-needs risk were the primary drivers of this association.
  • Rurality status uniquely predicted negative affectivity, even when controlling for income-to-needs risk.
  • Income-to-needs risk uniquely predicted effortful control, independent of rurality status.

Conclusions:

  • Sociodemographic factors, particularly rurality and income-to-needs risk, are important predictors of temperamental difficulty in children.
  • Future cumulative risk models should consider including rurality status as a distinct risk indicator, despite its correlation with income.
  • Understanding these specific risk factors can inform targeted interventions for children experiencing temperamental challenges.