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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Asexual reproduction allows plants to reproduce without growing flowers, attracting pollinators, or dispersing seeds. Offspring are genetically identical to the parent and produced without the fusion of male and female gametes.
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Morphogenesis02:19

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Plant morphogenesis—the development of a plant’s form and structure—involves several overlapping developmental processes, including growth and cell differentiation. Precursor cells differentiate into specific cell types, which are organized into the tissues and organ systems that make up the functional plant.
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Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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RETRACTED: Wang et al. Integrated Analysis of Physiological and Transcriptional Mechanisms in Response to Drought Stress in <i>Scaevola taccada</i> Seedlings. <i>Plants</i> 2026, <i>15</i>, 970.

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Efficient and Rapid Isolation of Early-stage Embryos from Arabidopsis thaliana Seeds
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Epigenetics Regulates Reproductive Development in Plants.

Qiang Han1, Arthur Bartels1, Xi Cheng1

  • 1Department of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO 63103, USA.

Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic pathways like DNA methylation and polycomb proteins dynamically regulate plant seed development. Understanding their crosstalk is key to controlling reproduction and improving nutrient sources.

Keywords:
DNA methylationPolycomb group proteinsRdDMchromatindynamicsepigeneticsgametogenesishistone modificationsseed developmentsiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Seed is a vital nutrient source, and its development is crucial for human sustenance.
  • Reproductive development has been extensively studied using genetic and molecular methods.
  • The integration and crosstalk of epigenetic pathways in seed development remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding epigenetic regulation of plant reproduction.
  • To explore how various epigenetic mechanisms influence seed development.
  • To highlight the dynamic nature of epigenetics during plant gametogenesis and embryogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetic modifications in plant reproduction.
  • Analysis of studies on DNA methylation, polycomb group proteins, histone modifications, and small RNA pathways.
  • Examination of epigenetic dynamics during gametogenesis, embryogenesis, and seed germination.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic regulation, including DNA methylation, polycomb group proteins, histone modifications, and small RNA pathways, plays a pivotal role in plant seed development.
  • Cytosine DNA methylation exhibits dynamic changes in CG, CHG, and CHH contexts throughout seed development, increasing during embryogenesis and decreasing upon germination.
  • Polycomb group proteins are critical transcriptional regulators, while histone modifications and small RNAs add further complexity.

Conclusions:

  • Multiple epigenetic pathways are essential for regulating plant seed development.
  • The intricate interplay between these epigenetic pathways and their combined effect on chromatin structure and reproduction requires further investigation.