Nanomaterials for Healthcare Biosensing Applications

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Materials Science
• Analytical Chemistry

Background:

• Nanomaterials are increasingly utilized in biomedical diagnostics, driving rapid advancements in healthcare biosensing.
• The unique properties of nanomaterials offer enhanced versatility and novel functionalities to sensing platforms.
• Combining different nanomaterials can lead to synergistic effects, improving sensor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of nanomaterial applications in healthcare biosensing.
• To cover over 290 research works published since 2015.
• To elaborate on the diverse roles of various nanomaterials in biosensing.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature review of research published since 2015.
• Categorization of nanomaterials into carbon allotrope-based, inorganic, and organic types.
• Analysis of sensing capabilities for clinically relevant molecules and complex biological samples.

Main Results:

• Nanomaterials enable the detection of a wide array of targets, including nucleic acids, viruses, bacteria, cancer antigens, drugs, toxins, and cells.
• Sensing systems function effectively in diverse media, from buffers to complex biological fluids like urine, blood, and sputum.
• Diverse nanomaterials, including carbon allotropes, inorganic, and organic types, play crucial roles in biosensing.

Conclusions:

• Nanomaterials offer significant potential for early disease screening and point-of-care testing.
• The synergistic integration of nanomaterials enhances biosensor capabilities.
• Continued research into nanomaterial-based biosensors promises transformative impacts on healthcare diagnostics.