Global Disparities in Wilms Tumor

Area of Science:

• Pediatric Oncology
• Global Health
• Cancer Epidemiology

Background:

• Wilms tumor is the most common malignant kidney neoplasm in children, accounting for over 90% of cases.
• Survival rates for Wilms tumor are generally excellent in high-income countries.
• Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) face significant challenges in Wilms tumor detection and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the global incidence of Wilms tumor across different regions and socioeconomic statuses.
• To analyze and contrast the treatment outcomes for Wilms tumor worldwide.
• To identify factors contributing to disparities in Wilms tumor outcomes.

Main Methods:

• Analysis of Wilms tumor incidence data from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Incidence of Childhood Cancer.
• Descriptive statistics and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare incidence by region and socioeconomic status.
• A literature review was conducted to assess outcomes and identify common themes in Wilms tumor management.

Main Results:

• Wilms tumor incidence was highest in children aged 0-4 years.
• Low-income countries reported the highest median incidence of Wilms tumor, despite having fewer cancer registries.
• Overall survival varied dramatically, from 70%-97% in high-income countries to 25%-53% in low-income countries.

Conclusions:

• Wilms tumor incidence is highest in low-income countries, which also exhibit the lowest survival rates.
• Incomplete and absent data reporting from lower-income countries may impact statistical significance.
• Establishing accurate and comprehensive cancer registries is crucial for improving Wilms tumor outcomes globally.