Odor emission and microbial community succession during biogas residue composting covered with a molecular membrane

A membrane-covered composting system was used to investigate the odor emission and microbial community succession during biogas residue composting. Results showed that in comparison with the control (CK) group, the NH₃ and H₂S emissions outside the membrane of the membrane-covered (CT) group decreased by 58.64% and 38.13%, respectively. The nitrogen preservation rate of the CT group was increased by 17.27% in comparison with the CK group. Moreover, the ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents of the CT group were 37.68% and 11.77% higher than those of the CK group, respectively. Microbial analysis showed that the average abundance and co-occurrence rate of ammonification bacteria dominated by Pseudomonas and Bacillus in the CT group were lower than those in the CK group, and the abundance of anaerobic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) dominated by Desulfovibrio in the CT group was higher than that in the CK group.