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Imaging Methods for Ultrasound Contrast Agents.

Michalakis A Averkiou1, Matthew F Bruce2, Jeffry E Powers3

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|December 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) uses microbubbles to visualize blood flow. Decades of research in bubble science and imaging technology have established CEUS as a vital diagnostic tool in cardiology and radiology.

Keywords:
Contrast agentsContrast-enhanced ultrasoundMicrobubblesNon-linear imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Ultrasound physics and biomedical imaging.
  • Microbubble dynamics and contrast enhancement.
  • Medical diagnostics and functional imaging.

Background:

  • Microbubble contrast agents were developed over 25 years ago to improve ultrasound imaging of microcirculation.
  • Early applications focused on myocardial and tumor perfusion imaging in cardiology and oncology.
  • Advancements in understanding bubble behavior and imaging technology were crucial for CEUS development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current state of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).
  • To detail microbubble imaging methods, artifacts, and quantification techniques.
  • To discuss implementation and regulatory aspects of CEUS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on microbubble behavior and ultrasound imaging.
  • Explanation of fundamental bubble properties like non-linear response and ultrasound-induced destruction.
  • Description of various CEUS techniques including harmonic imaging and pulse inversion.

Main Results:

  • CEUS has evolved from a research concept to a globally utilized clinical tool.
  • Numerous imaging modes and algorithms have been developed based on microbubble properties.
  • CEUS transforms diagnostic ultrasound into a functional imaging modality.

Conclusions:

  • Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is a mature technology with widespread clinical applications.
  • Continued evolution of bubble science and imaging technology drives further advancements in CEUS.
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of CEUS methods, quantification, and practical considerations.