Myxoid Liposarcoma With Skeletal Metastases: Pathophysiology and Imaging Characteristics

Liposarcoma is a commonly occurring soft tissue sarcoma that can be divided into 4 subtypes. Myxoid and round cell liposarcoma (MRCL) represent one of these subtypes and are classified together due to their shared chromosomal translocation. Histologic analysis of MRCL reveals a myxoid matrix with a delicate capillary network and dispersed lipoblasts. Varying degrees of round cell component are also observed, with greater amounts of round cells indicating a higher histologic grade and poorer prognosis. MRCL has a unique pattern of spread due to its initial tendency to spread to extrapulmonary sites. Additionally, skeletal metastases are frequently found in cases of MRCL. While various imaging techniques are used to visualize MRCL and metastases, magnetic resonance imaging is generally the preferred method. This article reviews the pathophysiology and imaging features of MRCL as well as the imaging characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks of multiple imaging modalities for visualizing bone metastases.