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Deciphering belowground nitrifier assemblages with elevational soil sampling in a subtropical forest ecosystem (Mount

Shun Han1, Shuang Tan1, Achen Wang1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.

FEMS Microbiology Ecology
|December 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Soil microbial communities, including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB), show distinct elevational distribution patterns. Soil chemistry and environmental disturbance significantly shape these nitrifier assemblages in subtropical forests.

Keywords:
ammonia oxidizerscomammox Nitrospiraelevational gradientsforest soilsnitrifier assemblagesnitrite oxidizers

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Area of Science:

  • Microbial ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Soil science

Background:

  • Microbial functional groups, particularly ammonia-oxidizers (AOA and AOB), comammox Nitrospira, and nitrite-oxidizers, are vital for the nitrogen cycle.
  • Understanding their distribution and activity along elevational gradients is crucial for forest ecosystem functioning.
  • Previous research has not fully elucidated these patterns in subtropical forest ecosystems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distribution patterns of nitrifier abundances and potential activities in forest soils along an elevational gradient on Mount Lu, China.
  • To determine the influence of biotic and abiotic factors on nitrifier community structure and function.
  • To identify key drivers shaping the biogeography of soil nitrifier assemblages.

Main Methods:

  • Quantification of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), comammox Nitrospira, and nitrite-oxidizers (Nitrobacter, Nitrospira) abundances.
  • Measurement of potential ammonia-oxidation activity (PAO) and nitrite-oxidation activity (PNO) in soil samples.
  • Analysis of soil variables and application of variance partitioning to assess the impact of biotic and abiotic factors.

Main Results:

  • AOA and Nitrospira abundances were higher than their counterparts.
  • Abundances of AOA, Nitrobacter, and comammox Nitrospira exhibited a hump-backed model distribution with altitude.
  • PAO was influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors, while PNO was primarily driven by abiotic factors. Environmental disturbance was the most significant driver of nitrifier biogeography.

Conclusions:

  • Soil nitrifier assemblages in subtropical forests display distinct biogeographic patterns along elevational gradients.
  • Soil chemistry and environmental disturbance are key factors shaping the distribution and function of these microbial communities.
  • Findings highlight the importance of considering microbial functional groups in understanding ecosystem processes under changing environmental conditions.