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Elemental analysis in living human subjects using biomedical devices.

David R Chettle1, Fiona E McNeill1

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In vivo elemental analysis uses non-invasive technology to study the effects of chronic element exposure in humans, improving occupational and environmental health. This review highlights successful systems and future directions in the field.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Radiological Sciences
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Significant advancements in occupational and environmental health have been achieved by studying chronic element exposure.
  • In vivo elemental analysis offers a non-invasive, painless, and cost-effective alternative to traditional biopsy methods for assessing elemental exposure.
  • Radiation-based systems have been developed since the 1960s to measure elemental content in human organs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and application of in vivo elemental analysis systems.
  • To discuss the health data generated by these technologies.
  • To explore future technical developments and new directions in the field.

Main Methods:

  • Development of 49 in vivo measurement system designs.
  • Successful implementation of 29 systems for human measurement, analyzing 22 different elements.
  • Predominant use of neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis.

Main Results:

  • Reduced risks associated with dialysis patients (aluminum-induced dementia), workers (cadmium-induced emphysema), and the general public (lead exposure).
  • Successful measurement of various elements in human subjects, contributing to improved health outcomes.
  • Demonstrated the effectiveness of non-invasive techniques in studying elemental exposure.

Conclusions:

  • In vivo elemental analysis has significantly contributed to public health by enabling the study of chronic element exposure.
  • Neutron activation analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis are key technologies in this field.
  • Future technological advancements hold promise for further innovation and application in elemental analysis.