Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Antibody Structure and Classes01:25

Antibody Structure and Classes

8.0K
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins, are produced by B cells in response to foreign substances, such as bacteria and viruses. These proteins are critical for recognizing and neutralizing these substances, protecting the body from potential harm.
The basic structure of an antibody consists of four protein chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains. These chains are held together by disulfide bonds and other non-covalent interactions, forming a Y-shaped structure.
8.0K
Antibody Structure01:10

Antibody Structure

65.1K
Overview
Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins (Ig), are essential players of the adaptive immune system. These antigen-binding proteins are produced by B cells and make up 20 percent of the total blood plasma by weight. In mammals, antibodies fall into five different classes, which each elicits a different biological response upon antigen binding.
The Y-Shaped Structure of Antibodies Consists of Four Polypeptide Chains
Antibodies consist of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy...
65.1K
Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

2.2K
Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
Neutralization
Antibodies can bind to pathogens, preventing them from infecting host cells. This process...
2.2K
Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

32.7K
Overview
32.7K
Humoral Immune Responses01:36

Humoral Immune Responses

83.1K
Overview
83.1K
Affinity and Avidity01:41

Affinity and Avidity

38.3K
Overview
38.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel ADC and γδ T cell engager targeting CDH17 for the therapy of gastrointestinal cancers.

Antibody therapeutics·2026
Same author

A novel insulin-like growth factor II-based masking domain for conditional activation of therapeutic antibodies.

mAbs·2026
Same author

A tri-specific EGFR/cMet/VEGF antibody demonstrates potent multi-mechanistic activity in preclinical triple-negative breast cancer models.

The Journal of biological chemistry·2026
Same author

A Bispecific Antibody Blocking Both TSLP and IL-4Rα for the Treatment of Allergic Inflammatory Diseases.

Cells·2025
Same author

Engineering tandem VHHs to target different epitopes to enhance antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.

FEBS open bio·2025
Same author

Targeted Hyaluronan Degradation Enhanced Tumor Growth Inhibition in Gastrointestinal Cancer Models.

Cancers·2025
Same journal

Characterization of Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies in Lyme Borreliosis Using In-House Developed ELISAs.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Anti-Type I Interferon Autoantibodies in COVID-19 and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparative Review.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Improving Gallbladder Cancer Outcomes with Antibody-Based Therapies and Immunological Profiling: A Literature Review.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

The Shifting Paradigm of Monoclonal Antibodies in COVID-19 Management: From Early Triumphs to Viral Resistance and Future Perspectives.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

From Single Cells to Silicon: Emerging Technologies Transforming Monoclonal Antibody Discovery.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Development and Validation of Cell-Based Bioassay for the Detection of Neutralizing Antibodies to Ocrelizumab in Human Serum Using Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity Test in a Reporter Cell Line Expressing FcγRIIIa.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody
09:54

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: January 24, 2017

18.2K

Antibody Structure and Function: The Basis for Engineering Therapeutics.

Mark L Chiu1, Dennis R Goulet2, Alexey Teplyakov3

  • 1Drug Product Development Science, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA 19355, USA.

Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Antibodies are key protein therapeutics (biologics). This review details antibody engineering for enhanced antigen affinity, effector function, and stability in therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
antibody engineeringtherapeutic biologics

More Related Videos

Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques
08:58

Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques

Published on: July 5, 2018

13.1K
Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
07:36

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: May 16, 2020

5.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody
09:54

Laboratory Scale Production and Purification of a Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: January 24, 2017

18.2K
Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques
08:58

Characterization of Glycoproteins with the Immunoglobulin Fold by X-Ray Crystallography and Biophysical Techniques

Published on: July 5, 2018

13.1K
Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody
07:36

Analyzing Tumor and Tissue Distribution of Target Antigen Specific Therapeutic Antibody

Published on: May 16, 2020

5.8K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Antibodies and their derivatives are foundational protein-based therapeutics (biologics).
  • Understanding antibody structure-function relationships enables protein engineering for diverse therapeutic uses.
  • Current knowledge allows for the development of biologics targeting various diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review basic antibody structure and its role in engineering therapeutics.
  • To explore antibody engineering strategies for improved antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties.
  • To discuss the development of antibody-derived platforms, including fragments, bispecific antibodies, and fusion proteins.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fundamental antibody structure and engineering principles.
  • Examination of antibody engineering platforms: antibodies, fragments, bispecific antibodies, and fusion products.
  • Analysis of strategies for enhancing efficacy and manufacturability: humanization, affinity modulation, stability enhancement, binding arm design, and avidity modulation.

Main Results:

  • Engineering approaches enhance antigen affinity, effector function, and biophysical properties of antibody therapeutics.
  • Platforms like antibody fragments, bispecific antibodies, and fusion proteins offer versatile therapeutic options.
  • Strategies such as humanization, affinity modulation, and stability enhancement improve therapeutic efficacy and manufacturability.

Conclusions:

  • Antibody engineering is crucial for developing effective protein-based therapeutics (biologics).
  • Various antibody-derived platforms and engineering strategies can be tailored for specific therapeutic applications.
  • Further advancements in antibody design and engineering promise improved treatments for a wide range of diseases.