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Eliminating Phase Drift for Distributed Optical Fiber Acoustic Sensing System with Empirical Mode Decomposition.

Yuejuan Lv¹, Pengfei Wang², Yu Wang¹

¹Key Laboratory of Advanced Transducers and Intelligent Control Systems (Ministry of Education and Shanxi Province), College of Physics and Optoelectronics, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|December 11, 2019

Summary

Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) adaptively eliminates phase drift in phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry systems. This vibration recovery method enhances detection of low-frequency perturbations with high signal-to-noise ratios.

Keywords:

distributed acoustic sensing system empirical mode decomposition phase drift elimination phase recovery phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry

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Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Signal Processing
Metrology

Background:

Phase drift significantly impacts vibration recovery in coherent detection phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (phi-OTDR).
Long detection times exacerbate phase drift, degrading signal quality and limiting low-frequency perturbation detection.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and validate an adaptive phase drift elimination method using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD).
To improve vibration recovery and enhance the detection of low-frequency events in phi-OTDR systems.

Main Methods:

Adaptive extraction and elimination of phase drift using Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD).
Decomposition of signals based on data's characteristic time scales to obtain the baseline.
Experimental validation across various vibration frequencies (1 Hz, 5 Hz, 10 Hz) and intensities.

Main Results:

EMD effectively eliminates phase drift, with performance deteriorating with increased vibration region length.
Linear relationship between phase and vibration intensity demonstrated (R²=99.99%).
High signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) achieved for low-frequency vibrations (0.5 Hz: 55.58 dB, 0.3 Hz: 64.44 dB).

Conclusions:

EMD provides an effective solution for phase drift elimination in phi-OTDR systems.
The method enables accurate detection and recovery of low-frequency vibrations (Hz and sub-Hz) and perturbations.
This technique significantly enhances the practical applicability of phi-OTDR for monitoring subtle environmental changes.