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Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.

Position-effect Variegation

Position-effect Variegation

In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.

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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Sample Preparation to Bioinformatics Analysis of DNA Methylation: Association Strategy for Obesity and Related Trait Studies

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Published on: May 6, 2022

Testing Mediation Effects in High-Dimensional Epigenetic Studies.

Yuzhao Gao¹, Haitao Yang², Ruiling Fang¹

¹Division of Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Frontiers in Genetics

|December 12, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a new high-dimensional mediation analysis method for complex biological data. The approach offers unbiased estimates and handles variable correlations, advancing epigenetic research.

Keywords:

DNA methylation de-sparsify high-dimensional mediation high-dimensional testing mediation analysis

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Area of Science:

Genomics
Epigenetics
Biostatistics

Background:

Mediation analysis identifies factors linking exposures and outcomes, crucial for understanding disease mechanisms.
Epigenetic data, like DNA methylation, is high-dimensional, posing challenges for traditional mediation analysis.
Current methods often reduce dimensionality before analysis, potentially losing information.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-dimensional mediation testing procedure for epigenetic data.
To provide unbiased regression coefficient estimates and handle variable correlations.
To address ultra-high dimensional data using Sure Independence Screening (SIS).

Main Methods:

Proposed a high-dimensional testing procedure for mediation analysis.
Employed Sure Independence Screening (SIS) for initial dimension reduction from ultra-high to high.
Applied the method to DNA methylation data in studies of alcohol consumption and epithelial ovarian cancer, and childhood maltreatment and PTSD.

Main Results:

The proposed method yields unbiased estimates and properly handles correlations.
Demonstrated applicability in real-world high-dimensional epigenetic studies.
Simulation studies confirmed the method's performance compared to existing approaches.

Conclusions:

The novel high-dimensional mediation analysis method is effective for complex epigenetic data.
The approach offers a robust tool for uncovering disease mechanisms through mediation analysis.
Applicable to various high-dimensional mediation studies involving biological data.