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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune disease with suspected environmental triggers.
  • The gut microbiota is a key environmental factor implicated in RA development.
  • Previous studies indicate altered gut microbiota composition in early RA patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence linking gut and oral microbiota to rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis.
  • To highlight the role of Prevotella species in preclinical RA.
  • To discuss the connection between periodontal bacteria and arthritis development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of human and animal studies on microbiota and RA.
  • Analysis of studies showing Prevotella dominance in preclinical RA.
  • Examination of research on oral bacteria and RA pathogenesis.

Main Results:

  • Altered gut microbiota composition is observed in early RA patients.
  • Prevotella species are dominant in preclinical RA and can induce arthritis in mice.
  • Periodontal bacteria are correlated with RA pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

  • Growing evidence supports the role of intestinal and oral microbiota in RA development.
  • Prevotella and periodontal bacteria are significant factors in RA pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved.