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Surrogacy and Pregnancy.

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Surrogate pregnancy is rising in the US, posing risks like low birth weight and hypertensive disorders for both the surrogate and fetus. Careful consideration of these maternal and perinatal outcomes is essential.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Surrogacy offers a pathway to parenthood for individuals facing infertility.
  • However, the specific risks associated with surrogate pregnancies for both the gestational carrier and the fetus require thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing literature on surrogate pregnancy.
  • To determine the prevalence and requirements of surrogacy.
  • To analyze maternal and perinatal outcomes in surrogate pregnancies.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted comprehensive literature searches in CINAHL and PubMed.
  • Utilized keywords such as "surrogate mothers," "surrogate," "surrogacy," "mothers," "pregnancy," and "pregnant."
  • Included searches for pregnancy outcomes, limited to English-language publications.

Main Results:

  • Identified 153 articles, with 36 forming the basis of this review.
  • Observed an increasing trend in surrogate pregnancies within the United States.
  • Fetal risks include low birth weight, multiple gestation, and preterm birth.
  • Maternal complications encompass hypertensive disorders, postpartum hemorrhage, and gestational diabetes.

Conclusions:

  • Surrogacy, while a viable option for parenthood, carries inherent risks for both the surrogate and the developing fetus.
  • The frequency of surrogate pregnancies is notably increasing in the United States.
  • Further research and clinical attention are warranted to manage and mitigate these identified risks.