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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Fabrication of High Contrast Gratings for the Spectrum Splitting Dispersive Element in a Concentrated Photovoltaic System
Published on: July 18, 2015
Tunable three-way topological energy-splitter
Mehul P Makwana1,2, Gregory Chaplain3
1Department of Mathematics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK. mehul.makwana07@imperial.ac.uk.
Abstract:
Strategically combining four structured domains creates the first ever three-way topological energy-splitter; remarkably, this is only possible using a square, or rectangular, lattice, and not the graphene-like structures more commonly used in valleytronics. To achieve this effect, the two mirror symmetries, present within all fully-symmetric square structures, are broken; this leads to two nondistinct interfaces upon which valley-Hall states reside. These interfaces are related to each other via the time-reversal operator and it is this subtlety that allows us to ignite the third outgoing lead. The geometrical construction of our structured medium allows for the three-way splitter to be adiabatically converted into a wave steerer around sharp bends. Due to the tunability of the energies directionality by geometry, our results have far-reaching implications for applications such as beam-splitters, switches and filters across wave physics.
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