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Related Concept Videos

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

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Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
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Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery01:27

Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery

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Insulin preparations are categorized by their duration of action into short-acting and long-acting types. Two strategies are used to modify insulin's absorption and pharmacokinetic profile: slowing the absorption post-subcutaneous injection, or altering human insulin's amino acid sequence or protein structure. These changes retain the insulin's ability to bind to the insulin receptor, but alter its behavior in solution or after injection.
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
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Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

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The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
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Insulin: Biosynthesis, Chemistry, and Preparation01:25

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The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of pancreatic β-cells synthesizes preproinsulin, which consists of a signal peptide, A and B chains, and a C-peptide. Preproinsulin is then cleaved and folded into proinsulin, which translocates to the Golgi apparatus for sorting and packaging into secretory granules. In these granules, enzymatic clipping generates insulin and C-peptide.
Damage or functional impairment of β-cells inhibits insulin production, leading to diabetes. Diabetes treatment...
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Glucose Homeostasis: Pancreatic Islets and Insulin Secretion01:27

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The pancreatic islets comprising only 1%-2% of the volume are highly vascularized and innervated mini-organs. They contain five endocrine cell types, including β cells that secrete insulin, which is synthesized as a single polypeptide chain, preproinsulin, processed to proinsulin, and finally to insulin and C-peptide. This process is complex and regulated, involving the Golgi complex, the endoplasmic reticulum, and the secretory granules of the β cell.
Insulin and C-peptide are...
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Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
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Updated: Jan 2, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
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Insulin Pump Therapy.

Revital Nimri1, Judith Nir1, Moshe Phillip1,2

  • 1The Jesse Z and Sara Lea Shafer Institute for Endocrinology and Diabetes, National Center for Childhood Diabetes, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petah Tikva, Israel; and.

American Journal of Therapeutics
|December 14, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Insulin pump therapy is effective and safe for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management, improving glycemic control and quality of life. Future advancements promise even better metabolic control and patient experience.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Diabetes Management
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Insulin pump technology has gained popularity for type 1 and type 2 diabetes management.
  • Despite widespread use, questions persist regarding optimal initiation, efficacy, and specific patient populations for insulin pump therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on insulin pump therapy's efficacy, safety, and applications in diabetes management.
  • To address unanswered questions surrounding insulin pump use in various patient demographics and clinical scenarios.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of PubMed and Cochrane databases up to December 2018.
  • Inclusion of consensus guidelines from major diabetes organizations and relevant cited articles.

Main Results:

  • Insulin pump therapy demonstrates efficacy in improving glycemic control and reducing hypoglycemia without increasing diabetic ketoacidosis.
  • Integration with continuous glucose monitoring enhances glucose-responsive insulin delivery and treatment optimization.
  • Studies indicate improved quality of life and potential reduction in microvascular and macrovascular complications.

Conclusions:

  • Insulin pump therapy is effective and safe for individuals with type 1 diabetes across all age groups.
  • Future innovations, including closed-loop systems and decision support, are expected to further enhance metabolic control and quality of life.