Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

68.4K
Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen...
68.4K
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration02:42

Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration

17.2K
Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
17.2K
Intermolecular Forces in Solutions02:28

Intermolecular Forces in Solutions

38.4K
The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
When the strengths of the intermolecular forces of attraction between solute and solvent species in a solution are no different than those present in the separated components, the solution is formed with no accompanying energy change. Such a solution is called an ideal solution. A mixture of ideal gases (or gases such as helium and argon,...
38.4K
Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

69.8K
Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
69.8K
Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

70.7K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
70.7K
Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity

32.3K
Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
32.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Influence of Solvent Quality on the Force Response of Individual Poly(styrene) Polymer Chains.

ACS macro letters·2022
Same author

Novel self-associative and multiphasic nanostructured soft carriers based on amphiphilic hyaluronic acid derivatives.

Carbohydrate polymers·2021
Same author

Thickness of the particle-free layer near charged interfaces in suspensions of like-charged nanoparticles.

Soft matter·2021
Same author

Closed Loop Bowel Obstruction From a Loose Staple After Laparoscopic Appendectomy.

The American surgeon·2020
Same author

Structural and Double Layer Forces between Silica Surfaces in Suspensions of Negatively Charged Nanoparticles.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2020
Same author

The Effect of Tack Fixation Methods on Outcomes in Laparoscopic Ventral Hernia Repair.

Journal of laparoendoscopic & advanced surgical techniques. Part A·2020
Same journal

Zooming into the polarity of deep eutectic solvents.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same journal

Colloids in lubrication: Development of amphiphiles from molecular structure to tribological performance.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same journal

Engineering interfacial and network Structures in high internal phase Pickering emulsions: Mechanisms, encapsulation and release of bioactive compounds, and 3D/4D food printing applications.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same journal

Quantum dot-FRET viral biosensors: Materials, surface chemistry, and recognition architectures.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same journal

Microgels prepared by microfluidics from structural design to practical applications: Development and challenge.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
Same journal

Interplay of capillarity and reactivity at rock/fluid interfaces.

Advances in colloid and interface science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
13:15

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Published on: July 18, 2014

11.4K

Forces between solid surfaces in aqueous electrolyte solutions.

Alexander M Smith1, Michal Borkovec1, Gregor Trefalt1

  • 1Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Sciences II, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland.

Advances in Colloid and Interface Science
|December 15, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Direct force measurements between surfaces in electrolyte solutions are reliably explained by Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory. Deviations and non-DLVO forces emerge at short distances or with specific surface conditions.

Keywords:
AFMAtomic force microscopeCharge regulationColloidal probeDLVO theoryDouble layer forcesNon-DLVO forcesSFASurface forces apparatusVan der Waals forces

More Related Videos

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
09:20

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Published on: January 26, 2016

16.0K
The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
10:03

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

27.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy
13:15

Quantitative and Qualitative Examination of Particle-particle Interactions Using Colloidal Probe Nanoscopy

Published on: July 18, 2014

11.4K
A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction
09:20

A Method to Manipulate Surface Tension of a Liquid Metal via Surface Oxidation and Reduction

Published on: January 26, 2016

16.0K
The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids
10:03

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

27.0K

Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Direct force measurements are crucial for understanding surface interactions in aqueous electrolyte solutions.
  • The classical Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory is a cornerstone for explaining these forces.
  • Accurate interpretation requires considering surface properties and solution chemistry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review experimental findings from direct force measurements between solid surfaces in electrolyte solutions.
  • To evaluate the applicability and limitations of DLVO theory in various conditions.
  • To identify and explain deviations from DLVO theory and non-DLVO forces.

Main Methods:

  • Direct force measurements between similar and dissimilar solid surfaces.
  • Analysis of experimental data using the Derjaguin, Landau, Verwey, and Overbeek (DLVO) theory.
  • Consideration of surface charge, charge regulation, and ion-solution interactions.

Main Results:

  • DLVO theory, combining van der Waals and double-layer forces, proves highly reliable, even with multivalent ions.
  • Accurate application of DLVO theory necessitates accounting for surface charge densities, charge regulation, and ion pairing.
  • Deviations from DLVO theory occur below a few nanometers; non-DLVO forces appear in concentrated electrolytes, with adsorbed layers, or on hydrophobic surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • DLVO theory provides a robust framework for surface force measurements in electrolyte solutions.
  • Non-DLVO forces, often linked to surface heterogeneities, become significant under specific conditions.
  • Further research into surface heterogeneities and their influence on forces is warranted.