Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
Published on: March 24, 2023
Stethoscope with digital frequency translation for improved audibility
Herbert M Aumann1, Nuri W Emanetoglu1
1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04420, USA.
Abstract:
The performance of an acoustic stethoscope is improved by translating, without loss of fidelity, heart sounds, chest sounds, and intestinal sounds below 50 Hz into a frequency range of 200 Hz, which is easily detectable by the human ear. Such a frequency translation will be of significant benefit to hearing impaired physicians and it will improve the stethoscope performance in a noisy environment. The technique is based on a single sideband suppressed carrier modulation. Stability and bias problems commonly associated with an analog frequency translator are avoided by an all-digital implementation. Real-time audio processing is made possible by approximating a Hilbert transformer with a time delay. The performance of the digital frequency translator was verified with a 16-bit 44.1 Ks/s audio coder/decoder and a 32-bit 72 MHz microcontroller.
Related Concept Videos
Equipments Used To Measure Blood Pressure
This invasive approach involves cannulating a peripheral artery. During each cardiac contraction, pressure generates mechanical motion within the catheter, transmitted through rigid, fluid-filled tubing to a transducer. This transducer converts mechanical motion into electrical signals displayed as waveforms on a monitor. An automatic flushing system prevents blood backflow. Due to the potential risk of unexpected arterial blood loss, this method is primarily used in intensive...
Heart Sounds
Auscultation is the process of listening to these internal body sounds using a stethoscope. The heart produces four types of sounds, but only two—S1 and S2—can usually be heard with a stethoscope.
S1, also known as the "lub" sound, is caused by the closure of atrioventricular (A-V)...
Reconstruction of Signal using Interpolation
Aliasing
If the sampling frequency is below the Nyquist rate, these replicas overlap, preventing the original...
Doppler Effect - II
Doppler Effect - I

