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Selectins01:25

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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The cadherins were one of the first cell adhesion molecules discovered; the term “cadherins”   is based on their calcium-dependent adhering properties. The first cadherins discovered on the epithelial, neuronal, and placental cells were named E-cadherin, P-cadherin, and N-cadherin, respectively. These classical cadherins share sequence and structural similarities. Other cadherins, including those involved in cell signaling, are grouped into non-classical cadherins. This...
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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
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Structure and engineering of tandem repeat lectins.

Simona Notova1, François Bonnardel2, Frédérique Lisacek3

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Lectins, proteins that bind carbohydrates, offer unique specificity for biomedical uses. This review highlights beta-trefoil and beta-propeller lectins as promising scaffolds for engineering novel receptors through synthetic glycobiology.

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Area of Science:

  • Carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) research.
  • Protein engineering and synthetic glycobiology.

Background:

  • Lectins bind complex glycoconjugates, exhibiting unique specificity.
  • Lectins with short repeated peptides are valuable for studying protein evolution and engineering receptors.
  • Synthetic glycobiology enables modification of lectin specificity, structure, multivalency, and topology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the structure and diversity of tandem-repeat lectin families.
  • To identify promising lectin scaffolds for engineering novel receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on lectin structure and function.
  • Focus on beta-trefoil and beta-propeller lectin families.

Main Results:

  • Beta-trefoil and beta-propeller lectins possess tandem-repeat structures.
  • These lectin families are identified as highly promising scaffolds for engineering novel lectin-based receptors.

Conclusions:

  • Tandem-repeat lectins, specifically beta-treffoils and beta-propellers, offer versatile scaffolds.
  • Advanced engineering of lectins is feasible using synthetic glycobiology tools for diverse applications.