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Related Concept Videos

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The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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How tissue fluidity influences brain tumor progression.

Kaspar-Josche Streitberger1, Ledia Lilaj2, Felix Schrank2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soft brain tumors exhibit unique mechanical properties influencing their spread. Aggressive glioblastomas (GBMs) show fluid-like behavior, enabling invasion, unlike benign meningiomas (MENs).

Keywords:
glioblastomain vivo magnetic resonance elastographyinvasive growthneurotumorsviscous fingering

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Tumor mechanical properties, specifically solid or fluid behavior, impact malignant tumor spread.
  • Solid tumors' rigidity aids invasion into surrounding tissues.
  • The growth mechanisms of softer tumors in rigid environments like the brain remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of anomalous fluidity in the invasive growth of soft brain tumors using in vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE).
  • To understand how glioblastomas (GBMs) and meningiomas (MENs) differ in mechanical properties and their implications for tumor aggressiveness.

Main Methods:

  • In vivo magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) was employed to measure the mechanical properties of brain tumors.
  • Tissue-mimicking phantoms were used to model tumor invasion dynamics.
  • Comparison of mechanical properties between glioblastomas (GBMs), meningiomas (MENs), and normal brain tissue.

Main Results:

  • Aggressive glioblastomas (GBMs) exhibit higher water content but behave mechanically like solids.
  • Benign meningiomas (MENs) have lower water content than brain tissue and display fluid-like behavior.
  • The anomalous fluidity of neurotumors, particularly GBMs, facilitates tissue penetration, analogous to viscous-fingering instabilities.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor fluidity, not just softness, is a critical factor in a tumor's aggressiveness and infiltrative potential.
  • The physical mechanisms of GBM invasion are linked to anomalous fluidity, similar to fluid dynamics principles.
  • Targeting tumor tissue fluidity presents a potential new avenue for cancer diagnosis and treatment.