Plant immune signaling: Advancing on two frontiers
Wei Wang1, Baomin Feng1, Jian-Min Zhou2
1State Key Laboratory of Ecological Control of Fujian-Taiwan Crop Pests, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Plant Immunity Center, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
Journal of Integrative Plant Biology
|December 18, 2019
Summary
Plants utilize pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) receptors for pathogen defense. Recent advances reveal dynamic signaling mechanisms and NLR activation pathways crucial for plant immunity.
Area of Science:
- Plant biology
- Molecular immunology
- Plant-pathogen interactions
Background:
- Plants possess sophisticated defense mechanisms against pathogens, involving cell-surface and intracellular receptors.
- Recent breakthroughs have illuminated the signaling pathways of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and nucleotide-binding site/leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) domain receptors (NLRs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current understanding of PRR activation and downstream signaling.
- To summarize recent advancements in NLR activation mechanisms.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent discoveries in plant immune signaling.
- Analysis of signaling mechanisms of PRRs and NLRs.
Main Results:
- PRR activation involves dynamic regulation and leads to downstream events like MAPK activation and calcium bursts.
- NLR activation mechanisms are better understood through new structural data, sensor-helper pairs, and TIR domain activity.
Conclusions:
- Recent research has significantly advanced our knowledge of plant immune receptor signaling.
- Understanding PRR and NLR dynamics is key to deciphering plant defense strategies.
Related Concept Videos
01:25Cell Signaling in Plants
6.1K
Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
6.1K
02:26Defenses Against Pathogens and Herbivores
29.4K
Plants present a rich source of nutrients for many organisms, making it a target for herbivores and infectious agents. Plants, though lacking a proper immune system, have developed an array of constitutive and inducible defenses to fend off these attacks.
29.4K
01:19Interactions Between Signaling Pathways
7.1K
Signaling cascades usually lack linearity. Multiple pathways interact and regulate one another, allowing cells to integrate and respond to diverse environmental stimuli.
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
Convergence and divergence, and cross-talk between signaling pathways
Two distinct signaling pathways can converge on a single functional unit, which may either be a single protein or a complex of proteins. The response is either functionally distinct or synergistic between the two pathways but different from the response...
7.1K
01:56Plant Hormones
27.0K
Plant hormones—or phytohormones—are chemical molecules that modulate one or more physiological processes of a plant. In animals, hormones are often produced in specific glands and circulated via the circulatory system. However, plants lack hormone-producing glands.
27.0K
01:21Paracrine Signaling
59.1K
Paracrine signaling allows cells to communicate with their immediate neighbors via secretion of signaling molecules. Such a signal can only trigger a response in nearby target cells because the signal molecules degrade quickly or are inactivated if not taken up. Prominent examples of paracrine signaling include nitric oxide signaling in blood vessels, synaptic signaling of neurons, the blood clotting system, tissue repair/wound healing, and local allergic skin reactions. Nitric oxide as a...
59.1K
02:36Meristems and Plant Growth
48.8K
Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.
48.8K