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Applications of Life Tables01:22

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Life tables are versatile across various fields, providing a quantitative basis for analyzing mortality and survival rates. Whether used by demographers, actuaries, epidemiologists, or sociologists, life tables offer valuable insights into the dynamics of life and death, facilitating informed decisions in public health, insurance, conservation, and beyond. Their broad applicability highlights the interconnectedness of demographic data with practical outcomes in everyday life and strategic...
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A frequency distribution table can be constructed using the steps given below.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Behavioral Assessment of Hearing in 2 to 4 Year-old Children: A Two-interval, Observer-based Procedure Using Conditioned Play-based Responses
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Population-based age adjustment tables for use in occupational hearing conservation programs.

Gregory A Flamme1, Kristy K Deiters1, Mark R Stephenson1

  • 1Stephenson and Stephenson Research and Consulting (SASRAC), Forest Grove, OR, USA.

International Journal of Audiology
|December 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New age adjustment tables for occupational hearing conservation programs offer improved accuracy. These population-based tables account for diverse demographics and worker ages, replacing outdated U.S. regulations for better hearing health assessments.

Keywords:
Hearing conservation/hearing loss preventionagingdemographics/epidemiologynoise

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Area of Science:

  • Audiology
  • Occupational Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Current US age adjustments in hearing conservation programs are based on limited data, potentially overlooking demographic factors and age-related hearing changes.
  • Existing adjustments may not accurately reflect diverse populations, leading to potential under or overestimation of hearing loss in workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To derive and validate new population-based age adjustment tables for occupational hearing conservation programs.
  • To address limitations in current US regulations by incorporating broader demographic factors, age ranges, and stimulus frequencies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=9937) for cross-sectional analysis to develop age adjustment tables.
  • Validated the derived tables using a retrospective longitudinal cohort study of male firefighters and emergency medical service workers (76,195 audiograms).

Main Results:

  • Cross-sectional analysis indicated age-related hearing changes are less pronounced than currently assumed in US regulations.
  • Distinct age-related hearing trends were observed in non-Hispanic Black individuals compared to other racial/ethnic groups.
  • Four population-based age adjustment tables were developed, stratified by sex and race/ethnicity, covering ages 18-85.
  • Validation confirmed that the new tables accurately reflect median longitudinal changes in hearing sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • The developed population-based age adjustment tables are a suitable replacement for current US regulations.
  • These tables offer improved accuracy by encompassing a wider age range, accounting for racial/ethnic differences in hearing sensitivity, and validation with longitudinal data.