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In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I01:13

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models I

174
Compendial dissolution methods are standardized procedures defined by pharmacopeias to evaluate the rate at which a drug dissolves in a specific medium. These methods ensure batch-to-batch consistency, enable quality control, and support the prediction of drug bioavailability. They are critical for both immediate and modified-release drug products.The apparatuses used for dissolution testing differ in their design and mechanical function, but all aim to simulate the physiological environment of...
174
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II01:09

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Compendial Testing Models II

181
Various dissolution methods are utilized to assess a drug’s dissolution rate, including the flow-through cell, paddle-over-disk, cylinder, and reciprocating disk methods.The flow-through cell apparatus (USP (United States Pharmacopeia) method 4) comprises a reservoir for the dissolution medium and a pump that propels the medium through the cell containing the test sample. This method is crucial for assessing modified-release dosage forms with minimally soluble active ingredients,...
181
In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods01:17

In Vitro Drug Dissolution: Alternative Methods

167
Alternative drug dissolution methods include the rotating bottle, intrinsic dissolution test, peristalsis, and the Franz diffusion cell method. The rotating bottle method involves meticulously rotating tightly capped controlled-release beads in a temperature-controlled bath. Periodic decanting of samples allows for residue assay, followed by refilling with fresh medium and testing at various pH levels to emulate the gastrointestinal tract conditions.In contrast, the intrinsic dissolution test...
167
Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison01:14

Drug Dissolution: Requirements and Profile Comparison

193
The acceptance criteria for dissolution profile data are anchored in Q values, representing the percentage of drug dissolved within a specified period. This assessment unfolds in three stages:First Stage: The test passes if all six drug dosage units are equal to or greater than Q plus 5%; otherwise, the sample proceeds to the second stage.Second Stage: The average of twelve units must be equal to or greater than Q, with no unit falling below Q - 15% to pass; if not, it progresses to the final...
193
One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance00:56

One-Compartment Open Model for IV Bolus Administration: Estimation of Clearance

309
Clearance is a key pharmacokinetic parameter that quantifies the volume of body fluid from which a drug is entirely removed within a specific time frame. It is crucial in assessing how a drug is eliminated from the body and has critical clinical applications.
In the one-compartment open model for intravenous (IV) bolus administration, clearance is estimated by dividing the elimination rate by the plasma drug concentration. This equation leverages the elimination rate constant and the apparent...
309
Compacting Factor test01:22

Compacting Factor test

503
The compacting factor test is a method used to assess the workability of concrete. It is  especially suitable for concrete mixes containing aggregates up to one and a half inches in size. This test involves specialized equipment consisting of two truncated cone-shaped hoppers and a cylinder, all with polished interior surfaces to minimize friction.
The procedure begins by placing concrete into the upper hopper without any compaction. Once filled, the bottom door of this hopper is opened,...
503

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 1, 2026

Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity
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Systematic approach to elucidate compaction behavior of acyclovir using a compaction simulator.

Cheol-Hee Cho1, Ju-Young Kim2, Eun-Seok Park1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics
|December 18, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study used a compaction simulator to analyze acyclovir powder behavior, revealing it compacts via plastic flow with high viscoelasticity. Its bond formation is sensitive to strain rate and lubrication.

Keywords:
AcyclovirBond formationCompaction behaviorCompaction energyCompaction simulatorPowder compaction model

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Understanding powder compaction is crucial for pharmaceutical formulation.
  • Acyclovir's compaction behavior is not well-characterized.
  • Excipients offer known benchmarks for material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the unidentified compaction behavior of acyclovir using a compaction simulator.
  • To compare acyclovir's compaction indicators with common pharmaceutical excipients.
  • To evaluate the influence of compaction rate and lubrication on acyclovir's mechanical properties.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a compaction simulator to assess acyclovir and three common excipients.
  • Applied Heckel and Walker powder compaction models to derive parameters like yield stress and D0.
  • Measured radial tensile strength to characterize bond formation and material mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • Acyclovir compacts primarily through plastic flow, exhibiting high viscoelasticity and low inter-particle interactions.
  • The bond formation of acyclovir is significantly influenced by strain rate and lubrication.
  • Key compaction parameters (yield stress, D0, SRS, W value) and energy metrics were quantified.

Conclusions:

  • Compaction simulation is a valuable tool for elucidating material compaction behavior.
  • Acyclovir's unique mechanical properties necessitate careful consideration of processing parameters like strain rate and lubrication.
  • The findings provide insights into optimizing the formulation and processing of acyclovir-based medications.